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7z
tr - Linux命令大全 - 笔下光年
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tr
将字符进行替换压缩和删除 ## 补充说明 **tr命令** 可以对来自标准输入的字符进行替换、压缩和删除。它可以将一组字符变成另一组字符,经常用来编写优美的单行命令,作用很强大。 ### 语法 ```shell tr(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 ```shell -c或——complerment:取代所有不属于第一字符集的字符; -d或——delete:删除所有属于第一字符集的字符; -s或--squeeze-repeats:把连续重复的字符以单独一个字符表示; -t或--truncate-set1:先删除第一字符集较第二字符集多出的字符。 ``` ### 参数 * 字符集1:指定要转换或删除的原字符集。当执行转换操作时,必须使用参数“字符集2”指定转换的目标字符集。但执行删除操作时,不需要参数“字符集2”; * 字符集2:指定要转换成的目标字符集。 ### 实例 将输入字符由大写转换为小写: ```shell echo "HELLO WORLD" | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' hello world ``` 'A-Z' 和 'a-z'都是集合,集合是可以自己制定的,例如:'ABD-}'、'bB.,'、'a-de-h'、'a-c0-9'都属于集合,集合里可以使用'\n'、'\t',可以可以使用其他ASCII字符。 使用tr删除字符: ```shell echo "hello 123 world 456" | tr -d '0-9' hello world ``` 将制表符转换为空格: ```shell cat text | tr '\t' ' ' ``` 字符集补集,从输入文本中将不在补集中的所有字符删除: ```shell echo aa.,a 1 b#$bb 2 c*/cc 3 ddd 4 | tr -d -c '0-9 \n' 1 2 3 4 ``` 此例中,补集中包含了数字0~9、空格和换行符\n,所以没有被删除,其他字符全部被删除了。 用tr压缩字符,可以压缩输入中重复的字符: ```shell echo "thissss is a text linnnnnnne." | tr -s ' sn' this is a text line. ``` 巧妙使用tr做数字相加操作: ```shell echo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | xargs -n1 | echo $[ $(tr '\n' '+') 0 ] ``` 删除Windows文件“造成”的'^M'字符: ```shell cat file | tr -s "\r" "\n" > new_file 或 cat file | tr -d "\r" > new_file ``` **tr可以使用的字符类:** ```shell [:alnum:]:字母和数字 [:alpha:]:字母 [:cntrl:]:控制(非打印)字符 [:digit:]:数字 [:graph:]:图形字符 [:lower:]:小写字母 [:print:]:可打印字符 [:punct:]:标点符号 [:space:]:空白字符 [:upper:]:大写字母 [:xdigit:]:十六进制字符 ``` 使用方式: ```shell tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' ```
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